The Human Resource Information System - 758 Words

using Workday is that it is set up more for larger companies than smaller companies. Smaller companies may not be able to use all of the things that Workday offer. Also for the functionality and to work properly you must by online with strong connections. Some have said that this system does not have all of the ERP product that other human resource information system may have. The second that was research was Kronos. This is an electric system that does different tasks when it comes to human resources, and payroll. This system was founded in 1977. Kronos is a monitoring system that keeps a full track of employees’ time and attendance. It helps companies control labor cost, minimize compliance risk and manage talent with ease. When it comes to the human resource side it save time and energy when it comes to the administrative side and help eliminate errors. This system alert you when you have an error, whether it’s a miss punch, late in or early out. Even if you ha d a schedule adjustment that needed to take place manager has that ability to correct it before payroll goes in. Also this system keeps a track of your sick, vacation and personal time for you. So you know first-hand what you have instead of contacting someone for this information. Kronos saves companies a lot of money when it comes down to attendance because it eliminate having employees clock in and out manual and having to count up their time by a sheet. It save you time in so many ways from having to doShow MoreRelatedThe Human Resources Information System978 Words   |  4 Pages The Human Resources Information System, â€Å"is a framework that gives you a chance to stay informed concerning every one of your workers and data about them. It is generally done in a database or, in a progression of between related databases† (Human Resource Information Systems, n.d.). It’s very important for an HR director to be knowledgeable of this information, because maintaining a business will produce a ton of data, both identified with the business and identified with yourRead MoreHuman Resource Information System And Human Resources Essay2170 Words   |  9 Pages1. Human Resource Information System is also known as Human Resource Management System, which is the integration of information technology and human resources through Human Resource software. The system enables Human Resource activities or processes electronically occur. Human Resource Information System is a technological solution to help corporates to solve human resource activities through software. Activities include human resources, accounting, management and payroll. The software also helpsRead MoreThe Human Resource Information System1260 Words   |  6 PagesThere are many things to consider when choosing the right Human Resource Information System (HRIS) for an organization. However, it is important understand that human resource information systems require different computer-based systems to run an HRIS. The purpose of this paper is to examine database management systems (DBMS) used with HRIS systems. The paper will evaluate two top-tier database systems, specifically, Oracle Database 12c and IBM’s DB2. Next, the paper will identify the advantagesRead MoreThe Human Resource Information Systems Essay1190 Words   |  5 PagesINTRODUCTION There are so many different Human Resource Information Systems (HRIS) available to choose from that a company can pick and choose what features and programs they need for their business. Companies range big and small and each business needs different options to run their business. Castle s Family Restaurant is looking into implementing an HRIS and they have asked our company to research and suggest programs that will benefit them as a company. Per the initial assessment of the businessRead MoreThe Human Resource Information System1475 Words   |  6 PagesThe Human Resource Information System (HRIS) teams work with the performance of tasks such as bookkeeping, employee performance and trainings, ordering, payroll, maintaining former, current, and potential employees information, and upholding policies and guidelines. Human resource managers use information systems to help in their daily duties of handling the above mentioned duties. Human Resource managers develop and analyze the many functions and determine the type of Human Resource InformationRead MoreA Human Resource Information System Essay1390 Words   |  6 PagesINTRODUCTION A human resource information system (HRIS) is defined as a computer based application for assembling and processing data related to the human resource management (HRM) functions. As in other types of information systems, an HRIS consists of a database, which contains one or more files in which the data relevant to the system are maintained, and a database management system, which provides the means by which users of the system access and utilize these data. The HRIS thus contains toolsRead MoreHuman Resource Information Systems1086 Words   |  4 PagesHuman Resource Information Systems Use the Internet to research and evaluate two (2) commercial HR database systems for your organization. Evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of each system and, based on your knowledge of human resources and database systems, propose one (1) package that would fit the needs of your organization. The two Human Resource Information Systems (HRIS) that need to be considered in this analysis are the SAP Business All-In-One, a completely configured suite ofRead MoreHuman Resource Information Systems ( The )2897 Words   |  12 PagesHuman Resource Information Systems (HRIS) HRIS stands for Human Resource Information System. Essentially, an information system is a tool utilized by companies and organizations to improve the quality of the workplace and the efficiency of output that an employee may produce or in other words, an electronic supervision system. (Periysamy, M. N., Amsa, A) There are multiple categories of HRIS systems which may then be simplified into more specific types of systems within each category. For exampleRead MoreHuman Resource Information Systems2522 Words   |  11 Pagespublic administration are carried out. They are the building blocks of accountability. In a growing number of organizations human resources are now viewed as a source of competitive advantage. There is greater recognition that distinctive competencies are obtained through highly developed employee skills, distinctive organizational cultures, management processes, and systems. Increasingly, it is being recognized that competitive advantage can be obtained with a high quality work force that enablesRead MoreThe Human Resource Information Systems Essay1796 Words   |  8 Pageseffectiveness of their company. Human resource information systems (HRIS) were first introduced at General Electric in the 1950s, but since then it has come a long way. HRIS has gone from a basic process to convert manual information keeping systems into computerized systems, to the HRIS systems that are used today. Human resource professionals foresaw the possibility of new applications for the computer. The idea was to integrate many of the different human resource functions. The third generatio n

Geography Hazards And Natural Hazards - 1011 Words

QE GEOGRAPHY ASSESSMENTNT: NATURALAL HAZARDS Natural Hazards Puddles Jack R Eggen 1/1/2015 ‘A puddle is a small mass of liquid, usually water, which is formed on a surface. It can be formed by dips or imperfections on the surface.’ J R EGGEN Chapter 1 A puddle is a small mass of liquid, usually water, which is formed on a surface. It can be formed by dips or imperfections on the surface. Puddles are usually formed from rain water although technically it can be any liquid (e.g. oil puddles). They can be made naturally or by humans; purposely / accidently. They affect everything in its path even if it just a little bit although they can have larger effects like droning people and animals or sinking cars and vans. This can cause lots of problems as they might need their car or van for something important. A puddle is generally small enough for a person to step over or shallow enough to walk through, and too small to cross by a boat or raft although there is no exact proportion specifications to define wherever it is a puddle or not, although is it gets big enough some would say it was a lake or flood. Puddles are very common everywhere where it rains and are unlikely in dry places where there is little rainfall. In the UK it rains a lot of the time and our weather is often very cold and wet. This can be an inconvenience as it stop or delays our normal lives and on a much larger scale can cause major damage and lead to flooding; especially if it’s in a dent on theShow MoreRelatedThe Origins Of North America812 Words   |  4 Pagesthat shaped North America current physical geography was glaciers. Glaciers are what influence majority of the current landscape of North America today. North America also has a wide range of natural hazards that affects the region more than any other continent, due to the proximity of water and the latitude. The region also has a long history of the influences of the European settlers and help shaped the human geography. The current physical geography of North America was formed from the role thatRead MoreThe International Day For Disaster Reduction Essay1500 Words   |  6 Pagessuggests ‘that there is no such thing as a natural disaster’. Smith contends that natural hazards become disasters due to location and the vulnerability of humans through their own decision making and the lack of appropriate mitigation measures. The opinion that human decisions and actions create or exacerbate vulnerability to disaster is shared by many observers, where so called ‘natural disasters’ are seen to be the result of poorly managed risk when natural hazards take place. There is strong argumentRead MoreThe Water Systems And Landforms1012 Words   |  5 Pagesclimates and regions. In this paper, I will discuss the water systems and landforms found in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, as well as two other cities in the United States. I will explore the amount of water that comes and leaves their sy stems, as well as the natural landforms that occupy their regions. Background Throughout this paper, there are terms you will need to know. While discussing the water systems of Baton Rouge, we will discuss both precipitation and evapotranspiration. Precipitation is the processRead MoreCauses Of Natural Disasters833 Words   |  4 PagesAmong many natural disasters in this world, there are three natural things that are responsible for natural disasters. These three are earthquakes, tsunamis, and volcanos. We humans call them Natural â€Å"Disasters† because they could destroy all of us or all our homes and important things we need to survive. Without humans, they would only be called natural events because they would not have anything to destroy. Starting with the earthquakes, they have the potential to cause harm and injury, cost lovedRead MoreAcute Urbanization And The City Of Mumbai1422 Words   |  6 Pagesof natural resources and widening social equity gaps within urban areas. With the migration of masses from rural to urban ares cities are ove rcrowded and vulnerability and exposure aspects accruing it are in the state of change. Against this background it is imperative to examine the responses from these urban masses to the various disasters in the urban areas. One particularly problematic aspect of this challenge is the selection of appropriate adjustments and adaptations to natural hazards thatRead MoreLearning More About Belarus744 Words   |  3 PagesWhat is Belarus known for? Belarus is known for it’s rich cultural, architectural, and historical heritage.There were many topics I could’ve chose, but I chose four topics on it’s heritage which is it’s physical, cultural, political, and economic geography. I have learned many things on Belarus such as geographic information, the Belarusians, history, and economy. Belarus has many educational information geographically. It is also known as The Republic of Belarus. If you never looked up this fineRead MoreDisaster Disasters And Its Impact On A Population1421 Words   |  6 PagesDisasters, at their most basic, arise when hazards have a significant impact on a population. A 7.0 magnitude earthquake that would be a devastating disaster in a densely populated and vulnerable city, may be a relatively insignificant geologic occurrence when it strikes an unoccupied island chain. Risk of a disaster is more traditionally calculated by identification of the potential hazard, assess in relation of likelihood of an event as it relates to the potential impact severity – or risk = probabilityRead MoreEssay about Development in The Peoples Republic of Bangladesh1234 Words   |  5 PagesThere are many factors that have affected the country’s development, including environment, health, economy, conflict, and government, among other issues. The environment of Bangladesh is quite unique. The environment, including the geography, climate, and natural hazards has hampered development in the country. Bangladesh is located in the low-lying Ganges Delta. This delta is formed by the confluence of the Ganges, Brahmaputra, and Meghna rivers and their tributaries, which eventually empty into theRead MoreDisasters And Democracy By Rutherford H. Platt Essay1452 Words   |  6 Pagesin 1999. Rutherford Platt is an urban writer and lecturer from Massachusetts. He is also professor emeritus of geography at the University of Massachusetts, a faculty associate with the lincoln Institute of Land policy, and he is also a scholar with the Penn Institute of Urban Research. He also holds degrees from Yale, and University of Chicago. This book addresses the response to natural disasters, focusing on how the governments role changes, It traces the evolution of federal disaster assistanceRead MoreDescription Of The Place I Will Be Showing You Today Is Africa Essay962 Words   |  4 PagesTayler LePage  Ã‚   Geography  Ã‚   11 am   Tuesday/Thursday   October 14   The place I will be showing you today is Africa. It consists of various mountains, rivers, and deserts. Africa is located in the south of Europe and Asia. This continent is positioned  in all  four hemispheres, the equator runs almost directly through the middle of   the continent of Africa, which portrays that it is both in the southern and northern hemispheres, and even though most of the continent is located in the eastern hemisphere

Individualism Vs Collectivism

Question: Discuss about the Individualism Vs Collectivism. Answer: Introduction: There are two ways in which people in the group can be understood. These ways are collectivism and individualism. Individualism is the idea whereby the individual acts on his or her own, making their decisions, and to the point that they relate to other members of the group. The individual is always accountable for his choices. Collectivism assess the group as the main entity, with the people lost along the way. They view the group as a strong component, and persons just compose the group. The value of the group is different from its members, and it has its thoughts. The action of the group is judged as a whole and individuals are just viewed as members of the group (Finkelstein, 2010. Individualism is supported by objectivism in the sense that, individualism is to be there whether an individual makes up his mind about things or individual is different from everyone else. And through individualism, moral agents made moral judgments. The credit or the blame goes to the person who made a choice, and this choice is made depending on how the value will impact on the life since values are agent-relative. Ethics is concerned with individuals hence the importance of individualism (Hartung, et al, 2010). In collectivism, there are some problems associated. For example, it affects with justice. Justice is apprehensive with creating a moral judgment concerning other individuals and acting on it consequently. But collectivism attributes value choice to the whole group hence destroying proper moral judgment, instead of choice being made by a person. Collectivism is also vied as entailing a status higher than characters that compose it; the same people are asked to work harder for it. Intrinsic value is created, and this effects ability of a person to pursue self-interest rationally (Finkelstein, 2010. In conclusion, both individualism and collectivism are important as discussed above. It will just depend on the kind of institution and where to be implied. References Finkelstein, M.A., 2010. Individualism/collectivism: Implications for the volunteer process. Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal, 38(4), pp.445-452. Hartung, P.J., Fouad, N.A., Leong, F.T. and Hardin, E.E., 2010. Individualism-collectivism: Links to occupational plans and work values. Journal of Career Assessment, 18(1), pp.34-45.

Perspective to Stakeholder Relational Ontology †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Perspective to Stakeholder Relational Ontology. Answer: Introduction: The method of systematic process of project development consists of more than one phase of development. These are the planning phase, analysis phase, development phase, maintenance phase and design phase. System analysis refers to the use of various methods of analysis which includes the analysis and collection of data from various sources and reporting the presence of abnormalities and errors from it. The main benefits of this process include defining the objectives of the system. This report includes an analysis of the various models related to the activity of the project concerned. In addition, the report also includes considerations of various stakeholders by the inclusion of a stakeholder map. Moreover, the report also includes a questionnaire for considering the management of the project. Furthermore, the report also recommends a use case diagram to be followed for the project. The project of the National Youth Mental Health Foundation is aimed to provide medical treatments to population groups belonging to the ages of 12 to 25 years (Rickwood et al., 2014). The National Youth Mental Health Foundation will later be named as the Headspace organization. The main concern of the National Youth Mental Health Foundation is to provide mental treatments to the concerned populations. In addition, the persons belonging to this group will also be getting better care and specialist treatments which will help in their recovery and social development (McGorry, Bates Birchwood, 2013). To complete the project of mental health recovery, the government of Australia has provided a funding of 54 million$ for the establishing National Youth Mental Health Foundation. This will help the population belonging to this group to get better care and specialist treatments which will help in their recovery and social development. Stakeholder mapping: Stakeholder mapping is a process of making an analysis of the various requirements of the stakeholders associated with a project. The various stakeholders associated to a project not only include the internal associated people but also the people who are associated externally. The process of stakeholder mapping is basically used for resolving the conflicts in the requirements of the associated stakeholders, managing the projects concerned and administrating the business processes. The main benefit of this process is to provide the knowledge of the various interests related to the stakeholders associated (Missonier Loufrani-Fedida, 2014). In addition, the mapping process does not consider the requirements of one specific stakeholder but the various stakeholders associated with a project or policy. This section of the report discusses about the various stakeholders associated with the Headspace project. The stakeholders associated include the internal and external stakeholders (Shirey, 2012). These stakeholders are further categorized into the operations and the executive level stakeholders. Identification of the stakeholders: This section includes the stakeholders that are to be included in the project requirements. The stakeholders included in this report are the internal and the external ones. Both of these stakeholders are further categorized into the operations and the executive. In case of the external stakeholders, the patients associated and the suppliers are the operation stakeholders in this project. The special interest groups associated with the health center are the executive stakeholders of the external level. Moreover, in the case of the internal stakeholders, the operational stakeholders associated with the project are the nurses, front-end communicators and the researchers. The executive stakeholder externally associated to the project is the directors and the board members. Analysis of the stakeholders: This section of the stakeholder mapping is used to make an analysis of the stakeholders and the roles that they play in the organization. The stakeholders pertaining to the executive level are only to manage the various operations without engaging to a much higher level. Similarly the operational stakeholders are crucial to the project for providing aid in working as well. The patients and the suppliers are the operation stakeholders in this project pertaining to the external level who are responsible for effective business process of the associated organizations. The executive stakeholders of the external level are the special interest groups associated with the health center that is responsible for the identification and mitigation of the main concerns of the organization. The internal operational stakeholders associated with the project are the nurses, front-end communicators and the researchers who are responsible for maintaining the operational flow of the organization. Lastly, the executive stakeholder externally associated to the project is the directors and the board members who take on executive decisions pertaining to the betterment of the organization. Stakeholders Contribution in the organization Legitimacy in use Influence in the market Willingness to engage with the organization Involvement in work External executive Medium Low Medium High Medium External operation Low Low Low Low Low Internal executive High High High High High Internal operation Medium High High Low Medium Mapping process: This process in stakeholder mapping is to show a pictorial description of the various associated stakeholders pertaining to both the executive and the operational level. Setting up priority for various stakeholders: This section is used to set the priority of the various stakeholders involved. The priorities are usually made depending on the associated needs of the concerned healthcare organization. The most important prioritized stakeholder is the external stakeholder of the operational level. As the entire business continuity is dependent on the workings of these aspects, they are considered the most prioritized stakeholder. The internal stakeholder for the operational requirements is the next aspect included in the priority list. Without the presence of the internal operational stakeholders, the patients associated will not be provided healthcare benefits. The next prioritized stakeholder is the internal stakeholder of the executive level. The main decisions for the operations of the organizations are dependent on them which list them on the third position in priority analysis. The external stakeholder of the executive level are listed at the last position of the stakeholder analysis as their decisions will not have a direct impact on the workings of the organization. Stakeholders Priority External-operation Very high Internal-operation High Internal-executive Medium External-executive Low Questionnaire: A questionnaire is termed as a default method used for conduction of researches, which is used to gather relevant data pertaining to a research objective. The method of conducting a questionnaire research survey includes the presence of a certain number of questions. Based on the answers gathered from them, the research method is concluded (Patten, 2016). The main advantages to these questionnaire forms is that the developers of such forms gets to enjoy the added benefit of not including any survey with this research. In addition, they are also very cheap compared to any other research tool. Although, they provide many advantages, they do not include an analysis tool for targeting a geographical location which is considered a disadvantage to this method (Chau et al., 2012). This section of the report includes 10 research questions to be answered by the stakeholders involved with the organization. The questions are mainly done to get an analysis of the various parameters related to the environment of the site or the problems associated to the National Youth Mental Health Foundation. What is the location of the National Youth Mental Health Foundation? When will the evaluation of the site commence? What is the suitability status of the environment that the project will be made on? What is the metric of the population present in the area concerned? What is the mental health analytics of the concerned population in the area of the National Youth Mental Health Foundation? What is the count of any other mental health care in the targeted area? What are the rate and the status of the materials that will be required for construction? What are the requirements for any mental health care organizations in the targeted area? What are the various tools and techniques to be used for promotion? When will the staffs needed for smooth functioning be available? A use case model is used to analyze the performance of a system based on the interactions given on that system. It is basically used to denote a response given to a certain input at the system (Almutairi et al., 2013). This section of the report is used to show a use case diagram and its supportive theories depicting the various operations inside the National Youth mental Foundation. The use case is also used to show the series of outputs that is to be made for every input parameters considered. The use case diagram is for the administrative authorities to see the various processes included in the operations of the organization. This will also help the administrative authorities to predict the presence of any problems in the operations before their processing (Kulak Guiney, 2012). The above use case chart is based on the activities of the National Youth mental Foundation. According to the diagram listed above, there are four use cases pertaining to various authorities. The first use case depicts the relationship with the health care administrator. They are responsible for administrating and managing the various activities of the health care organizations. Mainly, they are concerned with the development of new policies that will directly impact the various operations (Cooper, 2012). In addition, their responsibilities also include the presence of directing, managing and coordinating all the services that are persistent in the health care organization. The second use case is used to show the relationship of activities with the protocol maker of the health care organization. The first step performed by the protocol maker is the analysis of various concerns and requirements of the health care organization. The next step performed is the development of a new policy to address these concerns and requirements. These policies will also be included in the various services that are being offered at the health care organization (Drummond et al., 2015). In addition, these newly made protocols and policies will be transferred to the physicians and services so that the operations of the services will be complied with them. The services that require the presence of physicians in the health care organization is listed as the third use case in this report. They are responsible for providing aid in diagnostics and checkup of the patients that will be admitted to the health care organization. In addition, they are also responsible for complying with the policies and protocols of the organization. This will help them to update the necessary requirements in their services (Rebuge Ferreira, 2012). Moreover, the requirements for a routine checkup are also addressed by the physicians as well. The next use case involves the presence of certain administrative authorities whose sole requirements includes the recording of the customer data in the archives of the health care organization. The last use case showing in the use case diagram is that of the patients. They are considered the most important part of the health care organization. The patients are responsible for effective business process of the associated organizations. As an organization cannot thrive without the presence of clients for their business, they are considered the most important for succeeding in the business (Boudreaux et al., 2014). The sole job of the patients includes applying for a routine checkup on the health care organizations or applying for first time enrollment. The physicians will be responsible for their diagnosis. In addition, the information of these patients will be stored for future preferences. The most important use case considered in this report is the one concerning the presence of a physician. As they are responsible for addressing the organizational policies and standards, the services to be provided are based on their workings (Bates et al., 2014). They are responsible for providing aid in diagnostics and checkup of the patients that will be admitted to the health care organization. Basic flow: Diagnosis Description The physicians are responsible for providing aid in diagnostics and checkup of the patients that will be admitted to the health care organization. In addition, they are also responsible for complying with the policies and protocols of the organization. Moreover, the requirements for a routine checkup are also addressed by the physicians as well. 1 Physicians comply with the made policies. 2 The physicians are also responsible for diagnostics operations. 3 The information that is received from the patients are stored in archives. 44 The physicians are responsible for a routine checkup. Termination outcome The diagnosis is done. Description Physicians take after the policies made that are developed by the protocol creator. A1 Storage of information takes place A2 Diagnosis is completed Termination outcome Patient is diagnosed by the physician Alternative flow (B): Routine check Description Patients are provided checkup routinely. B1 Patient information is always checked B2 Routine check is facilitated Termination outcome Routine check is finalized. The information of the patient is collected Diagnosis is selected and provided complying with the basis of policies Routine checks are given Conclusion: Thus the conclusion that can be drawn from the analysis made on the report is that the National Youth mental Foundation needs to accept the stakeholder mapping included which shows the relationship and the priorities of their considerations ranging from a very high to low. In addition, the report also includes the presence of a questionnaire which will be required for getting an analysis of the various parameters related to the environment of the site or the problems associated to the National Youth Mental Health Foundation. Moreover, the use case diagram is also depicted in the report which shows the presence of various activities done by the authorities of the mainly done to get an analysis of the various parameters related to the environment of the site or the problems associated to the National Youth Mental Health Foundation. It is thus recommended for the health care organization to consider these aspects to successfully apply them in their operational requirements. References: Almutairi, S., Abu-Samaha, A., Bell, G., Chen, F. (2013, October). An enhanced use case diagram to model Context Aware Systems. InScience and Information Conference (SAI), 2013(pp. 270-274). IEEE. Bates, D. W., Saria, S., Ohno-Machado, L., Shah, A., Escobar, G. (2014). Big data in health care: using analytics to identify and manage high-risk and high-cost patients.Health Affairs,33(7), 1123-1131. Bocken, N., Short, S., Rana, P., Evans, S. (2013). A value mapping tool for sustainable business modelling.Corporate Governance,13(5), 482-497. Boudreaux, E. D., Waring, M. E., Hayes, R. B., Sadasivam, R. S., Mullen, S., Pagoto, S. (2014). Evaluating and selecting mobile health apps: strategies for healthcare providers and healthcare organizations.Translational behavioral medicine,4(4), 363-371. Chau, J. Y., Van der Ploeg, H. P., Dunn, S., Kurko, J., Bauman, A. E. (2012). Validity of the occupational sitting and physical activity questionnaire.Medicine and science in sports and exercise,44(1), 118-125. Cooper, T. L. (2012).The responsible administrator: An approach to ethics for the administrative role. John Wiley Sons. Drummond, M. F., Sculpher, M. J., Claxton, K., Stoddart, G. L., Torrance, G. W. (2015).Methods for the economic evaluation of health care programmes. Oxford university press. Haoues, M., Sellami, A., Ben-Abdallah, H. (2016). Predicting the functional change status in UML activity diagram from the use case diagram.AICCSA, IEEE. Kulak, D., Guiney, E. (2012).Use cases: requirements in context. Addison-Wesley. Kumar, R., Bhatia, R. K. (2012). Interaction diagram based test case generation. InGlobal Trends in Information Systems and Software Applications(pp. 202-211). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.. McGorry, P., Bates, T., Birchwood, M. (2013). Designing youth mental health services for the 21st century: examples from Australia, Ireland and the UK.The British Journal of Psychiatry,202(s54), s30-s35. Missonier, S., Loufrani-Fedida, S. (2014). Stakeholder analysis and engagement in projects: From stakeholder relational perspective to stakeholder relational ontology.International Journal of Project Management,32(7), 1108-1122. Patten, M. L. (2016).Questionnaire research: A practical guide. Routledge. Povall, S. L., Haigh, F. A., Abrahams, D., Scott-Samuel, A. (2013). Health equity impact assessment.Health Promotion International,29(4), 621-633. Rebuge, ., Ferreira, D. R. (2012). Business process analysis in healthcare environments: A methodology based on process mining.Information systems,37(2), 99-116. Rickwood, D. J., Telford, N. R., Parker, A. G., Tanti, C. J., McGorry, P. D. (2014). headspaceAustralias innovation in youth mental health: who are the clients and why are they presenting?.The Medical Journal of Australia,200(2), 108-111. Sayres, L. C., Allyse, M., Cho, M. K. (2012). Integrating stakeholder perspectives into the translation of cell-free fetal DNA testing for aneuploidy.Genome medicine,4(6), 49. Schiller, C., Winters, M., Hanson, H. M., Ashe, M. C. (2013). A framework for stakeholder identification in concept mapping and health research: a novel process and its application to older adult mobility and the built environment.BMC Public Health,13(1), 428. Shirey, M. R. (2012). Stakeholder analysis and mapping as targeted communication strategy.Journal of Nursing Administration,42(9), 399-403. Short, S. W., Rana, P., Bocken, N. M., Evans, S. (2012, September). Embedding sustainability in business modelling through multi-stakeholder value innovation. InIFIP International Conference on Advances in Production Management Systems(pp. 175-183). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

25 Best Value US Colleges Worth Your Investment

25 Best Value US Colleges Worth Your Investment 25 most expensive US universities that are worth applying for. Choosing a college requires considering a number of factors:   the  presence of fraternity and sorority life, the  location, and size of the university or college, its academic reputation, etc. Surprisingly, these factors are not the most important when a typical student weighs when  making their final choice. The most important thing to think over is the tuition fee. Indeed  the total cost of attending college is, without a doubt, the most important factor  influencing students final decision. But is there any sense in paying a  higher tuition fee? Why not choose an alternative college? Something less expensive, for example. The reason to choose a higher-ranking institution is that the top-ranking colleges mean  a greater return on investment for students when they graduate and get employed. According to the FORBES’ 2016 ranking of the USA’s Best Value Colleges here is a list of the most pricey universities in America: 1.  Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), located in Cambridge, MA. The average annual price in MIT is $21,816. 2.  California Institute of Technology, (Caltech). The average annual charge is $25,667. 3.  Stanford University  offers more than 65 departments and programs. Among the most famous Stanford graduates of all time are John F. Kennedy (he dropped his MBA program before receiving the degree), Sigourney Weaver, Tiger Woods, Larry Page, Reese Witherspoon and many others. 4.  Harvey Mudd College  is a liberal arts college. It is a college for those who would like to become scientists, mathematicians, and engineers. 5.  Yale University in Connecticut is situated 90 minutes from New Youk and is open for those who wish to take a guided tour, stroll through the historic Old Campus or attend a concert. 6.  A member of the Ivy League Brown University (RI) 7.  Dartmouth College (NH) offers a liberal arts education for the 21st century: education in and beyond the classroom as said on the website of the college. 8. In  Cornell University (NY)  engineering is definitely top notch. Chemical, electrical, computer science, mechanics majors here are regarded highly too. 9.  Several small liberal arts colleges of Washington and Lee University in Lexington, VA 10.  Colgate University in Hamilton 11.  NY Williams College in Williamstown, MA 12.  Schools in the Midwest including the University of Chicago, in Chicago, IL. The university of Chicago was founded by  John D. Rockefeller in 1890 and is considered to be one of the worlds premier research and academic institutions. 13.  Northwestern University in Evanston, IL. The mission of Northwestern University states: Northwestern is committed to excellent teaching, innovative research and the personal and intellectual growth of its students in a diverse academic community. 14.  Carleton College, in Northfield, MN These schools may be pricey, but they prove to bring a high payoff. Choosing a college from the list above will make the parents rest easy as they know that this choice will pay dividends. Need help with your college essay? Order an essay written by our professional writers.

Romeo And Juliet Essays (1105 words) - Free Essays, Term Papers

Romeo And Juliet Essays (1105 words) - Free Essays, Term Papers Romeo And Juliet This assignment is on a scene of Romeo and Juliet I have split the scene into thirteen different sections. These sections include what the music and sound affects will be and what the lighting will be and even what sought of characters I am going to have to play the part. In section one I am having a medium shot that is at eye level to show Benvolio and Mercutios conversation and to also see the expressions on their faces. The only music or sound affects I am having are the background sounds of a market and people muttering. The only symbols that are present are the clothes Mercutio are wearing which are red to symbolize he is loyal to Romeo and his family. For Benvolio I have picked an actor that is short, has brown hair, skinny, is caring and is always trying to have fun. Mercutios actor has to be strong, tall has to strong, fit, tall, has black hair, is outgoing, loud, rough and has a good sense of humor. In this section lighting is used to show that it is the middle of the day and is also very hot. In section two I am having an extreme long shot and a dutch angle to show where everyone is situated and also to show the shock showed by Mercutio and Benvolio. There is also dramatic sinister music showing that he is the bad guy and is not liked by Mercutio and Benvolio. There are also footstep sound affects while Tybalt is walking over to Mercutio and Benvolio. The only props that are of any real significance would be the swords showing that they are prepared to fight. The main symbols are the red clothing worn by Mercutio and the Blue worn by Tybalt to show that he is loyal to Juliet and her family. Like that last scene the lighting shows that is around noon and is very hot. In the third section I am going to have a long shot at an eye level to see everyone talking and to also see some of the market in the background. Sinister music is still playing to show trouble is lurking just around the corner. Again the lighting is to show it is around noon and is hot. A tall skinny strong man that is fit and looks very sinister plays Tybalts character. He also has a devilish attitude and not much of a conscious. In the fourth section of this scene I am having a close up on Romeo to show his surprising looks as he sees Tybalt. Innocent music is playing saying that Romeo has never done anything wrong in his life. There are still the background sound affects of the market. Again the lighting shows that it is the middle of a hot day, the lighting also shows all of Romeos features. There is one symbol that is present and that is Romeo wearing the red showing he is a Montague For Romeo the actor has to be tall, have fair skin, strong, out going, skinny, innocent looking, have fine features and attractive. The fifth section has dramatic scary music playing to symbolize trouble is lurking just around the corner. The camera angle is a high angle to show everyone in the scene it is also a medium shot. Again the lighting is showing the heat and that it is in the middle of the day. In the sixth section I am having a long shot with a high angle again to show all that is going on and to show the crowd of people watching the fight. There is sinister dramatic music playing because of the fight. There are background sounds of people talking about the fight. The lighting is showing that it is in the middle of the day and is really hot, the lighting is also showing that Tybalt and Mercutio are sweating by the light gleaming off their sweaty heads. The seventh section has an extreme close up of Mercutios face showing the pain and the expression on his face. Then there is another extreme close up of Romeos face showing his shock and despair. There is then a medium shot at eye level showing

The Unreported Facts about Building Seven Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Unreported Facts about Building Seven - Essay Example In the mainstream news it was cited that this building had been burning shortly after the planes hit the Twin Towers. As such, the collapse is attributed to the structural damage from the collapsing towers coupled with the prolonged fire which affected the fuel stores for emergency generators (Glanz). In addition, the United States government published a report that aims to clarify the issue pertaining to the collapse of Building 7 despite the fact that it was not hit by hijacked airliners unlike the two ill-fated towers. According to the published report, there were no known casualties due to the collapse. Furthermore, it concurs with the mainstream news that the collapse is primarily due to the fire rather than any impact damage from the collapsing towers. However, the report admits that prior to the 9/11 tragedy, there is minimal record of fire-induced collapse of large fire-protected steel buildings. Apart from this, the report also mentions that the study conducted regarding the structural design and construction features of Building 7 needs to be confirmed by further studies and analysis (Gilsanz, DePaola, Marion & Nelson). Due to some disconcerting observations with regard to the collapse of Building 7, some have formulated

Child Abuse and Steps for Its Prevention Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Child Abuse and Steps for Its Prevention - Essay Example Baby P was admitted in hospital several times before his death in which instances the healthcare providers, who offered complete and conclusive reports on their physical examinations, noted his battered body and the bruises on his skin (Marinetto, 2011). Over the course of 8 months while his mother was living with her boyfriend (not Peter’s biological father), the child experienced physical trauma resulting in over 50 injuries. This was indicative of a trend of physical abuse from the live-in boyfriend and should have been spotted and stopped before it got to such extents.While the physical abuse was being carried out, the family interacted with agencies that could have noticed the problem over 60 times, with none of these encounters being effective in stopping the abuse. Doctors’ reports analyzed during the inquiry over his death indicated that Baby P had swallowed a tooth broken during a beating, had a broken spine and several fractured ribs. The last of these reports was dated a day before his death and according to pathological reports, should have acted as the much needed wake-up call that could have saved his life. About 9 months and then again 2 months before his death, the child was placed under the protective care of a friend of the family to ensure his well-being. The second homecoming resulted in his death and from the wealth of evidence of abuse that had been accumulated, could have been prevented by the provision of better and more adept child welfare practices by all the professionals involved. Professionals in the social fields have a very important job of putting together the pieces that indicate that an individual needs more help from them than their position affords. As a result, agencies involved in such industries operate under a model of interdependency, with practitioners forwarding the cases that another agency will pick up on. This model allows for the sharing of information and the assessment of cases that social workers would, under normal circumstances, not review. This system depends on the communication between professionals and if this is not established, a lot of cases could go under the radar, as was the case with Baby Peter. This case was repeatedly analyzed by practitioners from several departments who ended up with the conclusion that he was safe in the environment that he was in, which is clearly a fallacy. It is therefore imperative that we understand the shortcomings of the agencies and agents that handled the case to negate the possibility of such c alamities in the future. The physical aspect of child abuse manifests itself in a condition that normally requires the attention of medical practitioners. This is the first line of defense and can create awareness if the neighbors and other individuals in the child’s environment are not aware or do not respond to the child’

Corporate culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Corporate culture - Essay Example The goal of the essay is to identify what parts of culture are the most important and why it is useful for managers in order to build a worthwhile long-term corporate strategy and keep competitive edge. Here will be described power, diverse attitudes and beliefs, how to effectively manage people, risk and socialisation. The corporate culture There are several success factors for business if the organisation desires to achieve growth and build high human capital development. First, leadership needs to have a very strong vision of what they want to accomplish. â€Å"They know how to set the direction for the organisation and how to build commitment to follow that direction† (DeVries, 1996, p.491). It is necessary for managers to be transformational, using positive personality and charismatic traits, in order to get employees to model themselves after the leader. They need to push for personal growth and add more value to the human resources role to gain this commitment. However, this cannot be done without setting a cultural tone within the business that provides opportunities for employees to be empowered. If the manager considers culture important, they will develop proper training for this effort and always reinforce how important it is for employees to be focused on mission-related goals. ... Managers should not always keep power at the top levels since this breaks down the effectiveness of attempting to build a positive, unified corporate culture. â€Å"If power lies in the strategic coordination of resources rather than mere possession of them, then a strategic conception of power offers the opportunity for subordinate groups to develop coalitions capable of challenging dominant groups† (Alvesson & Willmott, 2003, p.6). If this is true, then employees will work against senior-level power and control and try to combat it by developing their own factions as they try to gain control in certain key areas. If power only resides at the top layers of the business leadership, then it is not a true culture. It is, instead, a business that maintains very high controls and does not provide workers with much flexibility or give them perceptions of value. A business that operates in this condition would be referred to as a centralised organisation dedicated only to making sur e employees perform as they are expected. Social and psychological factors are dismissed in this type of business and no culture exists at all, only one with a Theory X type of focus where employees are always regulated. This could lead to higher turnover rates or generally dissatisfied employee groups who have little to contribute to a cultural whole. In some business environments overseas, such as Saudi Arabia, managers score high on testing related to Hofstede’s power distance scale. This is due to Muslim beliefs that are traditionalist and are common in Islamic societies (Bjerke & Al-Meer, 1993). Power distance is the level of closeness between management and regular employees.

Learning a second language

Learning a second language 1 Can learning an L2 cause L1 attrition? Attrition is the non-pathological, not age-related loss of a language. Speakers learning a second language often experience a change in the way they process their native language, a process called L1 attrition. L1 attrition often occurs in migrant individuals, since they immerse themselves fully into another language. It is expected that, as someone learns an L2 in an immersion environment, some crosslinguistic interference might happen. This interference can happen in both directions: just as the L2 is influenced by the L1, the L1 can assimilate to the L2. The present paper discusses the possibility of L1 phonetic attrition caused by the acquiring of an L2. Phonetic attrition is the loss of phonetic segments and/or suprasegmental features and/or the adaptation to other phonetic units. This paper will discuss how phonetic attrition can affect the production of sounds and suprasegmental features, specifically peak alignment. It will also discuss how phonetic attrition can happen in be ginner learners in classroom settings as well as the more expected case of complete language immersion. Mennen (2004) pursued the question of whether Dutch non-native speakers of Greek are able to produce cross-linguistic differences in the timing of peak alignments in both their languages. He conducted two experiments to answer his question. The first experiment tested whether experiences L2 speakers (Dutch non-native speakers of Greek) can produce accurate f0 timing in their L2 (Greek). A further aim of this study was to see whether an influence from the L1 (Dutch) can be observed in the L2. The participants were divided into three groups: five native Dutch speakers (D), five native Greek speakers (G), and five non-native (Dutch) speakers of Greek (DG). All participants in the LG group were late bilinguals with experience in their L2 ranging from 12 to 35 years, used their L2 regularly, and were college educated. The materials used in the first experiment were 20 declaratives in Greek and 40 declaratives in Dutch (further divided into 20 declaratives containing short vowels and 20 declaratives containing long vowels). The participants were asked to read the test sentences twice in a random order. Group D read two sets of sentences in Dutch (declaratives containing short and long vowels), awhile groups G and DG only read the set of sentences in Greek. The readings were recorded and their peak alignment onset measured. The speakers were asked to repeat any mispronounced sentences. When comparing group DG’s alignment data to that of groups G, the results showed clear differences in their peak alignment times. Four out of the five L2 learners aligned their peaks earlier than native Greek speakers. When compared to group’s D data, the peaks alignments were closer in time but still not native-like. This result showed that L2 speakers could not reach a native-like production of peak alignments in their L2, Greek. At the same time, this shows cross-linguistic influence from the L1 into the L2. The second experiment was conducted to investigate if Dutch non-native speakers of Greek were able to maintain correct peak alignment times in their L1. The materials and procedure were the same as in experiment 1, as for the participants, only groups D and DG were required for this experiment. The results from this second experiment showed a difference in peak alignment times in both sets of sentences in Dutch for both groups; this difference however was smaller in the DG group, and therefore non-native like. From both these experiments, Mennen concluded that Dutch on-native speakers of Greek fail to produce native-like peak alignments in their L1 and L2, which can be interpreted as L1 phonetic attrition. In 2012, Chang conducted an experiment with the goal of examining the extent to which the L1 can change during L2 learning in beginner L2 learners, and also if the L1 would be affected within the first weeks of acquisition. For this experiment, two groups of participants were recruited: an L2 learner group, consisting of 36 adult nave speakers of American English learning Korean and a control group consisting of nine native Korean speakers. The L2ers group lived in a South Korean university campus and were starting an intensive six week course of introductory Korean (the equivalent of a semester of college-level Korean classes) The participants had no significant previous exposure to Korean and although they were living in Korea, their interactions were limited to other L2 learners. The materials in this experiment consisted of 22 Korean and 23 English monosyllabic items. There were 15 critical items beginning with plosives. The participants were asked to read the monosyllables and their VOT for the critical items was recorded. The results from this experiment showed that by week five, phonetic attrition of the learners’ English in approximation to Korean. That is to say, the VOT of the learnersà ¢â‚¬â„¢ English plosives stopped being native-like and drifted into being more like the Korean stops they had been learning. The learners’ production of English voiceless stops and Korean aspirated stops lengthened in VOT in a manner that suggests they were coordinated. From this experiment, Chang concluded that phonemic attrition can occur rapidly, in a class-room setting, due to cross-linguistic interference even during the first weeks of instruction. The next study, by Mayr et al. (2013), investigates whether L1 attrition has occurred in the speech of a monozygotic twin who emigrated from the L1 environment 30 years ago. This was tested by comparing her speech productions to those of her identical twin sister, who has been living in the L1-speaking environment all her life. The participants consisted of identical twin sisters MZ and TZ, both of which were consecutive Dutch-English bilinguals. They were 62 years old at the time of the study. Their language background is as follows: MZ and TZ grew up together in the Netherlands, where they acquired their L1. In high school, both were introduced to English as their L2 and later acquired jobs in an international telecommunications company, where they only spoke English. At age 32 MZ left the Netherlands to live in the UK, where she had a daughter (also Dutch-English bilingual). MZ reported to preferring English in her everyday life, but speaks both Dutch and English with her daughter (she also reported frequent code-switching with her daughter). In contrast, TZ stayed in the Netherlands her whole life and stopped using English once she left her telecommunications job. The materials consisted of 20 monosyllabic Dutch target words and 20 monosyllabic English target words. The participants were asked to produc e each target word four times, randomly, in the following fashion: â€Å"I say X† (for English targets) and â€Å"Ik zei X† (for Dutch targets). This resulted in 80 Dutch tokens and 96 English tokens per participant. The researchers measured the VOT of plosives in both languages. The data for each language was recorded in different days (appropriately far from each other) to avoid the effects of language suppression and activation during the process. The results of this experiment showed clear phonetic attrition in MZ’s production of voiceless plosives, which indicate cross-linguistic assimilation patterns. She produced VOT values that are longer than the Dutch norm, while TZ’s VOT values were perfectly within the Dutch norm. MZ’s VOT values were much more similar to her English VOT values than to her sister’s Dutch VOT values. The researchers concluded that this difference was caused by cross-linguistic influences from MZ’s L2 into h er L1, which caused L1 attrition. They also mentioned that MZ’s code switching interactions with her daughter might have a large part in her L1 attrition, since bilinguals that code switch are more likely to be perceived as foreigners or more heavily accented by native speakers. The last study, by de Leeuw et al. (2010), investigated how the acquisition of an L2 affects the accentedness of the L1 in two different consecutive bilingual groups with different L2s by comparing them to monolingual native speakers of their L1. For this experiment, 34 German immigrants in Anglophone Canada, 23 German immigrants in the Netherlands, and five German monolingual controls in Germany were recruited. The speakers were questioned on different aspects of their language usage, such as the frequency with which they used their L1, or if they code-switched between languages (this question was not asked explicitly). A group of 19 German listeners were also recruited. They had a minimal or non-existent knowledge of English and Dutch and were not bilingual. The materials consisted of speech samples of a film retelling (not a script, but a scene to describe spontaneously). The participants were asked to record the speech samples in their own homes to ensure their comfort. One speech sample from each participant was obtained and then presented to the group of 19 German judges, which then assessed the speech samples in a scale from 1(certain of non-native status) to 6 (certain of native status). The results showed that biling ual speakers (both English and Dutch as L2) are more likely to be perceived as foreigners than the German control group. Also, that the amount of informal use of the L1 does not impact on the degree of perceived foreign accent, and that speakers who use this language for professional purposes are less likely to be perceived as foreigners. From these results phonetic the bilingual speakers can be concluded to experience L1 phonetic attrition, which would explain why their L1 production was perceived as foreign. In the present paper, the possibility of phonetic attrition as a result of acquiring a second language was assessed. The results from the previously discussed experiments all point towards the obvious conclusion that phonetic attrition can be caused by cross linguistic influence from the L2 into the L1. The results also show that phonetic attrition can occur rapidly among beginner L2 learners in classroom settings, but that it is more prominent in immersion settings, such as that of immigrants. Although phonetic L1 attrition, and L1 attrition in general, is a common phenomenon among immigrants and there is no evidence that it affects L1 speech in a way that prevents other speakers of the language from recognizing what has been said, there is a prominent negative opinion about the process. This could be caused by the pride that countries take in their languages and how their languages are representative of their traditions. Even then, L1 attrition should be regarded as a completely normal process, as it does not hinder, in any way, the ability of a person to communicate in their L1. Further studies of L1 attrition could help dispel the negative views that surround the subject, as it is an area not yet developed completely. For example, a better definition of the word ‘loss’, used to describe the process, might help dispel the stigma behind attrition. The ‘loss’ of the native language does not give any indication as to how permanent or irreversible i t is. It also does not provide any clue as to how deeply it affects the L1 and how it might impact the lives of those who go through this process. References Chang, C. E. (2012). Rapid and multifaceted effects of second language learning on first language speech production. Journal of Phonetics 40, 249-268. de Leeuw, E., I. Mennen J. M. Scobbie. (2013). Dynamic systems, maturational constraints and L1 phonetic attrition. International Journal of Bilingualism 17:6 Mayr, R., S. Price I. Mennen (2012). First language attrition in the speech of Dutch–English bilinguals: The case of monozygotic twin sisters. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 15.4, 687-700. Mennen, I. 2004. Bi-directional interference in the intonation of Dutch speakers of Greek. Journal of Phonetics 32, 543-563.

Juicy Fruit Investigation :: Papers

Juicy Fruit Investigation Aim: To find out if temperature affects the amount of juice the enzyme pectinase releases from an apple. Prediction ========== I predict that the temperature the pectinase will work best in is 30Â ° - 40Â °, I think this will be the temperature the pectinase will be able to break down the most fruit into fruit juice. I do not believe the enzyme will work above 45Â ° as it would become denatured. This is because I know most enzymes (similar to proteins) stop working/get destroyed above this temperature, as they are made up of protein. I also know that the temperature enzymes work best in the body at body temperature; 37Â ° therefore I believe the higher the temperature is without going over 45Â ° the faster the molecules will move and hit the enzyme molecules. An enzyme works when a substrate molecule bumps into a molecule of the correct enzyme, they fit together into a depression on the surface of the enzyme molecule. When this movement takes place the depression is called an 'active site'. A reaction takes place and the substrate products are released separately. Because the substrate molecules are different shapes they will only fit into certain enzymes. When the enzyme reaches a temperature too high it will change shape, therefore the substrate molecule would not fit. When the enzyme reaches a temperature that is low (or lower than 37Â º) the molecules will not move as fast as they will have less energy. This therefore means the enzyme molecules will not hit the substrate molecules as often as they would in a higher temperature meaning less juice will be released. [IMAGE] [IMAGE] [IMAGE] Enzyme molecule [IMAGE] [IMAGE] [IMAGE] Active site [IMAGE] Substrate fits into active site Active site [IMAGE] [IMAGE] A reaction takes place [IMAGE] [IMAGE] [IMAGE] [IMAGE] Products leave the active site separately Preliminary test:

Shoe Industry

The sole is the bottom part of the shoe. Also referred to as the â€Å"outsole† of the shoe, this is the part that comes in direct contact with the ground. Outsoles can be made of a variety of materials, including leather and rubber. Certain types of soles provide more traction than others, by using specific materials or designs. A ballroom dancer might prefer a shoe with a smooth leather outsole, as it's easier to turn and glide in, while a hiker needs an sole that is thick, durable and waterproof. The sole of the shoe is often the part that will wear out first, but some shoes can be resoled by a shoe repair shop. 1 TRENDS From stickers to paint-your-sole kits, the bottom of your footwear is now the place to customize, personalize or imitate top designers. The trend started a few years back when women realized they could emulate renowned shoe designer Christian Louboutin’s famous red soles by painting the bottoms of their shoes red with ordinary paint or nail polish. One U. K. ardware store recently reported that sales of red paint have surged 40 percent over last year, thanks to customers looking to recreate the look on lower-cost heels. Topshop Louboutin’s soles, which instantly identify the brand, have even sparked lawsuits around the world, with Louboutin trying to protect his look. Now other designers are cashing in on the trend, trying to set themselves apart by coming out with soles in their own unique colors, like designer Chloe Green's line for Topshop th is spring, which featured light green soles. Rosso Solini. Footwear accessory brand Rosso Solini's sole stickers are less about imitating a designer look than about standing out from the crowd. In addition to its uber-popular firetruck red, Rosso Solini offers a range of 20 stickers in animal patterns, glitter and other bright colors, like blue, which has proved to be a big hit with brides. â€Å"With Rosso Solini, people can easily make a simple shoe look more expensive, or dress up their favorite pair of old shoes,† founder Tara Haughton, 17, told TODAY. com. â€Å"You can put it on yourself, it’s easy to try and affordable. † Haughton, who lives in Ireland, designed the stickers as part of a school project, and two years later the company has customers in 22 countries through its website, with its biggest fans in Brazil. Haughton will mark her official U. S. debut with an appearance on QVC Sept. 4, selling her set of three instant shoe soles ($26, rossosolinishop. com). The stickers are made with 3M materials and some of the packs include a knife for cutting around the adhesive. â€Å"Personalization is becoming more and more prevalent, and in fashion in particular,† Marshal Cohen, chief retail analyst at NPD Group, told TODAY. om. â€Å"People used to be able to splurge, but with today’s economy, consumers are saying, ‘Forget that; I will just paint my soles red. ‘ In addition, people don’t necessarily want to look like everyone else. This trend toward customizing soles isn’t just about looking impressive, but about the ability to make something unique. † SAVE YOUR SOLE For others who want a more designer look, many shoemakers in large cities like New York and Los Angeles offer the option of fitting red soles. Or you can turn to Save Your Sole, which sells shoe soles and paint in nine colours, including cream, blue, and its ever-popular red. The soles need to be attached by a shoemaker, but the colour will last until the sole wears out, unlike paint, which can flake off after a short walk on the pavement. Save Your Sole founder Amanda Collins started the company two years ago to save her own trove of designer shoes, and quickly expanded the business, with the U. S. soon to overtake the U. K. as her biggest market. Sales of her Red Sole Gift Set, which includes red soles, touch-up paint and a paintbrush, have increased by 25 % in the last month alone (SaveYourSole. co. uk, $45. 95). Clearly getting in on the hot trend, TODAY's Matt Lauer shows Al Roker the bright orange soles of his shoes. In the coming months, the company will release other colors like pink and purple, and she's now in talks with Saks Fifth Avenue, Barneys and other high-end retailers about stocking her products. 2 OBJECTIVES ISSUES Every pair of Ecco's I've had cracked. I had a pair of their â€Å"dress shoes†, they were pretty bad. Also have had 3 pairs of the Ecco â€Å"Trek† shoes (goretex hiking shoes)†¦ they cracked as well†¦. you can get them replaced but they do crack at about 2 years (think they're about $75 to do so). I bought them at nordstrom, complained and they gave me a new pair though. It is a manufacture defect, not one of use (since the traction was in good condition). – Xericx I bought a pair of Ecco â€Å"City† bluchers sometime around 2002 and only wore them three or four times. Got them on sale and meant to use them in the rain or traveling. I packed them away in their box and stored them in my closet for about four years because I didn't like them very much. I finally got around to wearing them again. On their first day out, I noticed a funny feeling and when I checked the bottom of one of my shoes, I found that much of the heel and other parts of the sole had disintegrated into pieces, pretty much like crumbling a styrofoam cup. Weirdest thing I've ever seen happen to a shoe. Kind of funny to see shoes that still looked brand new, too early to really even develop significant creases, and have the sole fail like that. Perhaps I could/should have done something else but I was so angry I tossed the shoes into the trash when I got home. – eighty-sixed Ecco's niche is comfort. When you try them on in a store they feel great. However, the soling material that they use tends to dry out quickly. When that happens the sole cracks or disintegrates. For those with Ecco's don't store them above normal heat or cold. That speeds up the deteriorating process. Also, try to wear them regularly. -nick v. CONTRIBUTIONS Rocker sole shoes have long been known for their therapeutic benefits. They can protect the heels and the balls of the feet from repetitive impact with concrete and hard surfaces. They can be helpful for those suffering from heel and arch pain. They can also be helpful for those suffering from arthritis in the big-toe-joint (hallux rigidus). They promote good posture and can improve circulation. Rocker soles tend to engage core muscles and can improve proprioception. But rocker sole shoes are not for everyone. If you have problems with vertigo or dizziness, for example, a rocker sole shoe may not be appropriate.

The eNotes Blog 7 Books to Read for Mental Health AwarenessMonth

7 Books to Read for Mental Health AwarenessMonth May is Mental Health Awareness Month, so we are spotlighting books that offer insight into the lives and minds of authors and characters who experience mental illness or neurodivergence. Neurodiversity refers to the idea that the human brain contains natural variations, which result in different social, emotional, and educational needs and aptitudes. Neurodiversity is a social movement that seeks to recast traditionally pathologized neurological differences, such as autism, as natural aspects of human diversity. Literature has long been an outlet through which people can relate their perspectives and experiences of reality to others. However, neurodivergent and mentally ill people have historically been silenced and reduced to stereotypical and stigmatizing caricatures. Modern efforts to destigmatize mental health have led authors and activists to reclaim their stories and explore the myriad challenges and triumphs associated with mental illness and neurodivergence. The following 7 titles, ranging from dark fantasy to memoir, explore different aspects of mental health through the lenses of authors who share in their characters’ experiences and diagnoses. 1. The Astonishing Color of After by Emily X.R. Pan Emily X. R. Pan’s stunningly rich debut novel details Leigh Chen Sanders’s search for answers in the wake of her mother’s suicide. Leigh becomes convinced that her mother has transformed into a bird and decides to travel to Taiwan to reconnect with her estranged maternal grandparents. As she learns more about her culture and family history, Leigh also uncovers more information about her mother. As Leigh processes her own feelings of grief and guilt, she is forced to confront the realities of her mother’s untreated depression and the pervasive stigma surrounding mental health. Page count: 462 Publish date: March 20, 2018 2. Borderline by Mishell Baker Mishell Baker’s debut novel, Borderline, is a riveting urban fantasy adventure about Millie Roper, a double amputee with Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD). After a failed suicide attempt leaves her scrambling to put her life back together, Millie is recruited by the Arcadia Project, a secret agency dedicated to maintaining human-fae relations. Baker draws extensively from her own experiences with BPD to create a story that is refreshingly devoid of cliches. Borderline refuses to treat mental health as a prop, instead focusing on Millie’s everyday realities as she contends with her new career and the magic and mayhem it entails. Page count: 390 Publish date: March 1, 2016 3. Don’t Touch by Rachel M. Wilson Rachel M. Wilson’s novel Don’t Touch combines Wilson’s own experiences with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD), a charming cast of characters, and some surprisingly deep ruminations on Hamlet. In the wake of her parents’ divorce, protagonist Caddie Finn develops a mantra: as long as she doesn’t touch another person, her parents might get back together. Caddie knows that this is illogical, but her OCD makes it a difficult superstition to defy. However, in order to achieve her goals, Caddie must learn to overcome her fears and manage her compulsions in a healthier way. Page count: 432 Publish date: September 2, 2014 4. The Drowning Girl  by Caitlà ­n R. Kiernan Caitlà ­n R. Kiernan’s novel The Drowning Girl is a fictional memoir, written from the perspective of India Morgan Phelps, a schizophrenic artist who becomes embroiled in the mysteries surrounding a hitchhiker she picks up named Eva Canning. The memoir structure of the novel- and India’s struggles to manage her schizophrenia- results in an unreliable narration, with India spiraling between lucidity and fantasy as her obsession with the mystery grows. The result is a suspenseful, dark fantasy novel that takes time to educate readers about schizophrenia and push back against the negative stigma associated with it. Page count: 332 Publish date: March 6, 2012 5. Freshwater by Akwaeke Emezi Freshwater is Akwaeke Emezi’s semi-autobiographical debut novel about Ada, a Nigerian woman who travels to the United States for university. Ada experiences what Western psychology would refer to as Dissociative Identity Disorder- that is, she has multiple personas that step forward at different times. However, Emezi rejects Western narratives surrounding mental health, instead offering an alternative lens by grounding Ada’s experiences in traditional Nigerian religious beliefs. Page count: 229 Publish date: February 13, 2018 6. Marbles: Mania, Depression, Michelangelo, and Me by Ellen Forney Marbles, an autobiographical graphic novel written and illustrated by Ellen Forney, explores Forney’s journey in the aftermath of being diagnosed with bipolar disorder. Forney struggles with the diagnosis, worried about how going on medication will impact her creativity. However, as she researches more about bipolar disorder and attends therapy, she begins to draw inspiration from other mentally ill artists, such as Sylvia Plath and Vincent Van Gogh. Marbles is an eccentric and deeply personal rumination on identity, creativity, self-advocacy, and the struggle of finding the right balance. Page count: 256 Publish date: November 6, 2012 7. An Unkindness of Ghosts by Rivers Solomon Set in a dystopian future, An Unkindness of Ghosts depicts the last vestiges of humanity living aboard a spaceship called the Matilda. The autistic protagonist, Aster, must unravel the mystery behind her mother’s death while simultaneously contending with the rampant abuse and racism that plagues the Matilda. Solomon doesn’t tokenize diversity, treating queerness, neurodivergence, and race as natural parts of the world. However, the novel refuses to ignore the oppression faced by those who live in the margins of society, layering together hope and tragedy as Aster struggles towards a better future. Page count: 351 Publish date: October 3, 2017 Mental health is a broad and complicated topic, encompassing a variety of experiences, conditions, and management strategies. If you or someone you know is struggling or just wants to learn more, the following list of resources may be able to help: PsychCentral provides an annotated list of resources to help educate people about a variety of conditions. It also provides a range of other resources and support networks. The National Alliance on Mental Illness compiles personal stories, helpful guides, crisis helplines, and community resources. Mental Health Resources is a community-based organization focused on recovery and self-advocacy. PsychologyToday has a directory to help connect people with therapists in their area. Teen Health and Wellness provides a list of hotlines and services oriented towards teens struggling with mental health, bullying, and other issues. The National Suicide Prevention Hotline provides free, anonymous, around the clock support to those in crisis as well as resources for suicide prevention and education. Hotline Number: 1-(800)-273-8255

Intrapreneuship-Global Essays

Intrapreneuship-Global Essays Intrapreneuship-Global Essay Intrapreneuship-Global Essay Slide: Many big companies had benefitted from the ideas of their employees that not just bringing innovation but adding to its revenue stream. Several global cases have been renowned especially to big companies’ history on how their respective intrapreneurs made the business to be the pioneer of a certain business idea. 1. Most renowned â€Å"Skunk Works† 2. Spencer Silver and Art Fry’s development of post-it notes at 3 M company Modern Day 1. Steve Jobs and a group of 20 Apple Computer engineers created the Macintosh computer 2. Intels core chip-making business. . Google 4. Microsoft 5. Sony playstation I. Global Case Intrapreneurs take existing businesses and transform them. Whereas an entrepreneur would take an idea and build a business around it, an intrapreneur takes an existing business and branches it out into uncharted waters. In a September 1985 Newsweek article, Steve Jobs was quoted as saying, â€Å"The Macintosh team was what is commonly known as intrapreneurship; only a few years before the term was coined- a group of people going, in essence, back to the garage, but in a large company. (http://infospace. ischool. syr. edu/2012/06/25/intrapreneurship-what-who-and-why-its-important/) Intrapreneurship is being practiced in a corporate management style that integrates risk-taking and innovation approaches, as well as the reward and motivational techniques that are more traditionally thought of as being the province of entrepreneurship. Many big companies had benefitted from the ideas of their employees that not just bringing innovation but adding to its revenue stream. Several global cases have been renowned especially to big companies’ history on how their respective intrapreneurs made the business to be the pioneer of a certain business idea. I. Global Case * Skunk Works is an official alias for Lockheed Martin’s Advanced Development Programs (ADP), formerly called Lockheed Advanced Development Projects. This working group within the well-known defense manufacturer has been responsible for the development of numerous cutting edge aircraft and other innovations since 1943, when it was established to work on secret projects for the United States Air Force. In some companies, a working group of intrapreneurs may be referred to as a â€Å"skunkworks project† in reference to Lockheeds famous subdivision. ( wisegeek. com/what-is-an-intrapreneur. htm#did-you-know) Skunk Works is responsible for a number of famous aircraft designs, including the U-2, the SR-71 Blackbird, the F-117 Nighthawk, and the F-22 Raptor. Currently its largest officially known project is the F-35 Lightning II, which will be used in the air forces of several countries. Skunk works devoted their work revolutionary projects outside of the company’s * Spencer Silver and Art Fry’s development of post-it notes at 3m is also an impressive example of intrapreneurship. Way back in when a 3m employee couldnt keep his hymns marked properly in his church choir book. After attempting various methods, he decided hed try using some non-permanent adhesive that was available at his workplace. By placing this adhesive on the back of his markers, he found he could keep them secured in place and then easily peel them off when he was done. Modern day * Intel also has a tradition of implementing intrapreneurship. Intel established an in-house new business initiative in 1998 to bootstrap new businesses that employees propose, regardless of whether the concepts had anything to do with Intels core chip-making business. In contrast to a venture capital program that Intel has had in place for a decade, the new business initiative provides financing for businesses that the companys own employees start. The idea for the whole thing came from our employees, who kept telling us they wanted to do entrepreneurial things, said Craig Barrett, president and chief executive officer of Intel. They saw that we were putting a lot of investments into external companies and said that we should be investing in our own ideas. ( utdallas. edu/~chasteen/Reinventing%20the%20intrapreneur. htm) * Steve Jobs and a group of 20  Apple Computer  engineers created the Macintosh computer without adult supervision, mainly to compete with Apples mai nstay, the Apple II not to mention Mr. Jobss nemesis, Apple CEO John Scully * Microsoft Microsoft , one of the companies that poached great Xerox technology, has suffered from a brain drain that may pose a bigger threat than any U. S. Supreme Court decision, as veteran executives use their own millions to start their own firms. Thats why both of these companies are now emphasizing internal entrepreneurial efforts. They are among the following ten corporations that have made intrapreneurship a keystone of their business. Seamus Blackley, a game designer, joined Microsoft in early 1999. His last big project, Trespasser, a dinosaur-shooting game based on Michael Crichtons The Lost World (Knopf, 1997), bombed in the market. He figured hed keep a low profile as a graphics programmer, but then he dreamed up a new idea on an airplane flight and quickly banded with three other engineers to create a video game console using personal computer technology. ( utdallas. edu/~chasteen/Reinventing%20the%20intrapreneur. htm) * Google is also known to be intrapreneur friendly, allowing their employees to spend up to 20% of their time to pursue projects of their choice.

On Designer Babies and the Concept of Children as Property Essay

On Designer Babies and the Concept of Children as Property - Essay Example The relationship between parents and children are very different between the relationship between owner and property. Whereas the owner of a property generally has real right over it, in that he can do anything he wishes to do with it, the same cannot be said in regards to children. We cannot legally dispose of them or any part of their body, either by selling them for adoption or by forcing him to undergo unnecessary surgery. Even when the parent himself is at the brink of death, the child cannot be compelled to donate his organ so as to ensure the success of any organ transplant that would save his father or mother. The child cannot be used as a means to benefit his family, his parents, or even society in general, if the act required of the child will be to his disadvantage. Even when the act required is to the child's advantage, if it is not essential and basic to his survival as a person, he cannot be forced into it. You cannot force a child to take a nap if he does not want to. You can beg him, as is often the case, but this would still entail voluntary assent on his part. Unlike property, a child has a mind and a will of his own, and is awarded specific rights as children and as individuals. Children enjoy a dual role, that of being their parents' child and that of being a separate individual. I think that it is the existence of this dual role that draws the line between what parents can and cannot do with their child. As your child, he can be scolded for not eating his green peas. As an individual, he cannot be forced to eat the green peas. All the rights of an individual are enjoyed by the child, and these are tempered only by your rights as a parent looking after the good of your ward. You are allowed certain privileges that are not enjoyed by people not his parents, but these privileges do not supersede the basic human rights that extend to all individuals. These "privileges", also, are awarded with the presumption that they will be used with the child's welfare in mind. If this presumption is violated, parental rights can be withdrawn by the sta te such as when children are withdrawn from the custody of their parents. With property, on the other hand, the owner can do whatever he wishes to do with his property for as long as his acts do not endanger the rights of other individuals. This basically means, that if you could place your house in such a location that setting fire to it would not involve the risk of harming other people and their property, then you are quite free to go ahead and burn your house. The relatively new development of "designer babies" places a unique strain on the principle of children as not being the property of their parents. Whereas we would be quick to object if a parent sets his daughter for an involuntary appointment with a plastic surgeon, we are a bit lost when the alterations are made while the child is not yet born. It's a difficult dilemma because it forces us to specify the point when a child already enjoys his rights as an individual person. Coming from a time when abortion of the fetus is generally legalized, then we could not help but say that the object that is being exposed to genetic engineering at that point does not as

Mental Health Settings Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Mental Health Settings - Essay Example The quality of care management that a person with depression receives depends entirely on the policies and practices of the managing care individuals and organizations. Case management is integral responsibility of monitoring and active follow up of the condition of the patient. Case management also involves processes such as continual provision of care, systematic assessment, improved education and holistic approaches that can create awareness of the impacts of co-morbidity (Lockwood, & Michele, 1999). Subjects who are enrolled in impatient units are assigned to various treatment conditions. This includes brokers case management where the client’s needs are assessed and the health is monitored. Services are provided by multiple providers. Another case of management is assertive community treatment where the client is provided with comprehensive services for unlimited period. Lastly is assertive community treatment which supported by community workers (Cumming, 2005). Community nurses offers primary care to patients. They are involved in planning evidenced-based care and interventions of the personal decisions of the patient. Some of the interventions that primary care nurses make are development of the care pathway, assessment of the patients, assessing of risks and management of risk. All these practices are aimed at normalizing of the mental health problems. Nurses have the responsibility of monitoring and following the condition of the patient very actively. It includes systematic and accurate assessments of needs of the patient and provision of continued care to the patient. They assess the patient to understand what he or she requires in relation to care nursing. There are regular contact nurses in the community based treatment who are supposed to contact the patients regularly. As a person with severe depression, I expect the regular nurse to liaise with my family members who are concern with my health condition. The

Brief economic analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Brief economic analysis - Essay Example This action also shows the government and the whole nation at large have confidence with the growth of the economy. The economy is expected to grow to convincing levels (Moore 5). The Federal acquires bonds from financial institutions like banks and investors. These bonds include mortgage securities and treasury bonds. The main purpose and goal of doing this was to reduce the pressures exerted on long-term interest rates. Make investors gain confidence in borrowing funds because they have a longer payment period. This action by the Federal Reserve also was meant to promote a stronger recovery strategy. This action by the Federal Reserve has affected people who had the motive of saving with financial institutions because the Federal Reserve has reduced the interest rates making them go to low levels (Moore 10). Some economists argue that it will have no difference in saving the money saved in the banks and keeping it in the house since it earns low returns when saved in the banks. Usually, as the interests rates reduce, people tend to save less. Investment on the hand improves although not proportionally. The other action of the Federal Reserve of buying bonds reduced the returns on bonds. Reduction of returns on bonds made investors not buy more bonds. Investors’ buy bonds with the aim of making profits from the returns they acquire, but having in mind the returns are low; they will shift their investment policies in other things. Investors shifted to buying other assets and bonds from foreign countries. Buying bonds in foreign countries will ensure that they continue makin g gains rather than having the money stay in bank accounts where they earn little returns. Another current issue in the American economic condition is the inequality challenge. There exists a big difference between the people who own corporations and the employees. The main cause of this inequality is that corporations are interested

Effective Presentation Delivery Essay Example for Free

Effective Presentation Delivery Essay There are various essential features of an effective presentation. Such presentations are memorable as well as consistent. The introduction to an effective presentation usually carries an attentive-getting device, e. g. an interesting short story; a thesis statement; a statement of significance that allows the presenter to easily connect with the audience; a statement of credibility, establishing the presenter as a credible source for the message about to be delivered; and an organizational preview statement, which introduces the organization of the presentation to the audience (â€Å"Presentation,† 2007). Although first impressions are quite important, it is equally significant to maintain consistency for a presentation to be effective – that is, to deliver the message that it ought to (Chatterjee, 2005). If a presentation employs visuals to effectively deliver the message that is planned for the audience, these visuals should appear consistent as well as coherent. The layout of the presentation, and the fonts, for example, should not appear out of place. In addition, the presentation should look as though it is continuous. Given that the presenter must keep the attention of the audience, interruptions in the flow of the message must be avoided (â€Å"Presentation,† 2007). The presenter must remain enthusiastic about his or her message throughout its delivery (Chatterjee). However, the ending of a presentation is equally essential to focus on. An effective presentation normally ends with a brief summary of the main ideas; reinforces the objectives of the effort; and employs an attention-getting device so as to be memorable. If the presenter holds a question and answer session before ending the presentation, a summary statement after the session is important. Moreover, effective presenters are known to frame the questions and answers around the purposes of their presentations. Such presenters also prepare for the questions beforehand (â€Å"Presentation†). Understanding the audience as best as possible, effective presenters convince the audience to ultimately respond to the information presented.

Alcatraz: The Legendary Prison :: Descriptive Essay About A Place

Alcatraz: The Legendary Prison We stepped off the large tour boat with a look of fright in both our eyes. Some joy was there, but knowing what went on in this place made us feel the way we did. To me, Alcatraz didn't really look like a shut down prison at that moment. It looked more like an old worn down cemetery. The paint on most of the buildings was chipped off all the way down to the wood. Most of the buildings had collapsed down to some cement foundations and old rusted poles hanging every other way. As we walked to the building where you start your tour, that was probably the only building at this place with cleanliness to it. They gave us our tour headphones, which take you through the whole prison with a audio guide telling you how it was in the prison. Not just how it was for the prisoners, but how it was for the guards too. The first place our sound guide took us to was the guard towers. They were about fifty feet tall and held enough room for maybe two guards. The towers looked too old for anybody to get into these days, but they had a view of a good portion of that side of the prison and a good section of the ocean. There were towers stationed the entire way around the prison with maybe 100 yards in between them. The towers were protected with bulletproof glass 360 degrees round. After viewing the towers Sean and I wanted to go see the prison cells. So we turned off our guide tapes for awhile and started heading up to the prison house. Everywhere Sean and I looked, it seemed like the entire place was just eroded. Some places were fenced off because they were not safe enough for spectators like ourselves to get close enough to look at. We finally got to the prison cells after following a long cement path that would take you anywhere at Alcatraz. The path nearly looked like a road, or some type of path they used for some type of transportation. Anyways, we went inside to explore how creepy the prison cells were really going to be. Well yep, they were just as we thought. Just glancing at them gave me weird feelings in my stomach. The first thing I did was got in a cell and told Sean to take a picture.

Jails, Prisons, and Rehabilitation Essay -- Criminal Justice

Prisons and jails are both referred to as incarcerations. A prison is where people get physically confined and lack personal freedom, and also those awaiting trails and those serving a term exceeding one year are confined here, while a jail is where inmates are housed prior to their trials on local level and those serving a term of one year or less. The society is protected from the offenders by them being confined in prisons, where their behaviors can be monitored, or they can be placed in community-based facilities which are secured and also offer an opportunity for the prisoners to acquire skills and knowledge through work related activities. The jail on the other hand serves the purpose of detaining law offenders of which they shall be knowledge on the reason for detention as they go through the process of criminal justice. The jails do so by holding people who are awaiting trials, convictions or those to be sentenced; those who have already been sentenced and are waiting to be taken to prison, and also holding law violators who cannot afford to pay the bonds so that they can appear for trials. The jail also serves the purpose of holding people convicted of less offense for the period ordered by the court. In general, the prison holds people for a period of more than one year. Prisons consist of many facilities since most people serve for long periods behind the bars. They are inclusive of exercise places, dining rooms, places to socialize and education facilities like classrooms, libraries, churches and workshops. Prisons hold more people as compared to jails in which they are ranged according to the crimes committed by the offenders, and this is due to safety precautions. Prisons also have such facilities as to carry out ... ...to and until now the prison society has been on the forefront to ensure justice in all the prisons and jails is followed and no acts of inhuman are committed. The society is made of a staff more than one thousand members, with full support of the organization. The inmates are treated in very humane ways and it is appealed upon them on the need to reform. List of references Norman Johnston, PhD, (2011). The Pennsylvania Prison Society, prison reform in Pennsylvania. Retrieved from: http://www.prisonsociety.org/about/history.shtml. Robin James Dr., (2004). House of Commons Home Affairs Committee, Rehabilitation of Prisoners, pp. 11 $ 12. Retrieved from: http:// www.prisonreforms.org.uk WiseGeek, (2003). Clear Answers for Common Questions, copyright 2003. Retrieved from: http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-the-difference-between-a-jail-and-a-prison.htm

Promote Positive Behaviour Essay

In this assignment I am going to explain my understanding about, legislation, frameworks, codes of practice and policies relate to positive behaviour support. Understand the context and use of proactive and reactive strategies. Be able to promote positive Behaviour Be able to Respond Appropriately to Incidents of Challenging Behaviour. People with learning disabilities show behaviours which present a significant challenge for those caring for them. Such behaviours may include aggression, destructive behaviours or self-harm. Individuals with more severe disabilities and those with additional disabilities such as sensory impairment’s and communication disorders are more likely to demonstrate challenging behaviour. Many forms of challenging behaviour are thought of as being functional and adaptive responses to challenging situations, in that they serve as a way of communication with the people with whom they interact (e.g. stopping unwanted attention, attracting attention or attempting to explain they are experiencing pain). Some forms of challenging behaviour may be linked to mental health problems, such as depression. The most important way in the reduction of challenging behaviour is for the individual to have a thorough assessment to find out the function of the behaviour. This is known as a functional behavioural assessment and is used to create an individual’s support plan. Positive behaviour support aims to teach the individual new behaviours and enable them to achieve what they want to achieve. Understand how legislation, frameworks, codes of practice and policies relate to positive behaviour support. In all aspects of my role I am regulated by my company’s policies and government legislation. The human rights act 1998, the disabled person act 1986, disability and discrimination act 1996, Health and safety at work act 1974, the equality act 2010. I have been trained in Mandatory courses, for example protecting vulnerable adults(safeguarding) Strategies for Crisis intervention and pr evention (S.C.I.P) Autism Awareness, and working safely, making sure I understand the legal policies put in place to provide the best care for the people who I support. S.C.I.P focuses on positive techniques and how to deescalate behaviour. Read more:  Essay About Promote Positive Behaviour This allows staff to be consistent in their approach when dealing with challenging behaviour. By following the S.C.I.P policy I am able to  reinforce positive behaviour and good skills in listening and learning as well as helping the individuals that I support feel safe and secure knowing that I am able to deal with their behaviours if they occur. Restrictive interventions are defined as any method which restricts the movement of an individual by physical means, including mechanical means (using straps) physical (holding) chemical restraint (using drugs). For example I support an individual who is prescribed medication (Lorazepam) by his physiatrist, to be used when he starts to become agitated. This is given to the customer as a last resort, when we have explored all other options for example is he in pain? Restrictive interventions should only be used as a matter of urgency to prevent imminent and serious harm to the individual or other people, be used in the best interests of th e person with learning disabilities, and only used alongside other strategies to help people learn to behave in non-challenging ways. Interventions need to be used in a context of a risk assessment. Incidents should be investigated and followed up, ensuring staff and customers get sufficient post-intervention support, risk assessments should be reviewed regularly to identify factors contributing to incidents, and associated action must be taken, to reduce those risks. Planned interventions should be agreed in advance at a multi-disciplinary meeting by relevant professionals working in consultation with the customer, his or her carers, and an independent advocate if appropriate. They should be implemented under the supervision of an identified member of staff who has relevant qualifications, training and experience and recorded in writing, so that the method of intervention and the circumstances when its use has been agreed are clearly understood. Behaviour support plans should be routinely reviewed by having team meetings, support plan reviews and risk assessment reviews. If it is agreed that a customer will require some form of intervention, there must be an up-to-date copy of a written protocol included in the person’s individual support plan and staff should be regularly trained and receive updates regarding an individual’s behaviour support plan because there may be a change in how to support a customer. The use of a restrictive intervention, whether planned or unplanned (emergency) must always be recorded. In the day centre where I work the policy and procedures are to inform the manager on duty who will usually provide support for the customer  involved as well as other customers in the centre, ensuring they are all safe. Offer staff support making sure an independent person checks for injuries and records them. The member of staff involved in using a restrictive intervention should: Record the incident, completing an incident report form, star chart and RIDDOR (Report of suspicious Diseases or Dangerous Occurrences) form. Record the incident in the individual’s logs. Inform carers/ family members. Have a post incident meeting with Manager and the staff involved. Make referrals to specialist services for example Derby City, Proactive S.C.I.P Instructors. Inform the customer’s Social worker/ care manager. Before intervening, the member of staff should ask themselves, is there another way to manage the situation and ensure everyone’s safety? If a person has to use intervention they should do it in the least restrictive way possible to prevent the individual from being hurt and all other options have been explored. A restrictive intervention can feel very intimidating to a vulnerable person who is unable to control themselves. By not exploring other options first, there is a risk that the situation can escalate, causing more damage. For example I support a customer who will be happily smiling, singing and interacting with people, her facial expressions and body language will suddenly change. She will begin to spit, hit out, stand up and try to kick other individuals or damage objects. The individual displayed these behaviours to a member of staff who was supporting her. The member of staff did not explore other options first or follow her behaviour support plan and used a restrictive intervention to deal with her negative behaviour. The situation escalated and the customer became more anxious, damaged property and the staff member became injured. In my opinion if the member of staff had followed the customer’s guidelines and offered calmness, communication and distraction, the incident may not have escalated. We must also use minimum intervention to encourage the customers to trust individuals who are supporting them this helps to form positive relationships with each other and also staff will not be feared. Understand the context and use of proactive and reactive strategies. The difference between proactive and reactive strategies is that proactive  strategies are put into place to avoid any problematic or foreseeable situations and a reactive strategy is a response to a situation that has already happened. In my own work role the reactive strategies that are used are based on the results of an individual’s functional behaviour assessment and the support put into place. Everyone involved in an individual’s care should be involved in creating the behaviour support plan this should include writing a description of the behaviours and working out a reason for the behaviours. Proactive Strategies are used to make sure that the person has got what they need. They also describe ways to teach the person communication and other skills. Examples of proactive strategies that I use include: Teaching the individual skills for example Makaton signs for â€Å"finished† â€Å"Thank you† â€Å"Good† Using communication charts with sig ns, symbols or pictures which also outlines the routine for that day. The environment for example dims the lights, tying hair back to stop the individual from pulling hair. Rewards Routine and Structure Boundaries Giving the individual access to preferred activities Making sure that a person’s cultural and religious needs are being met Reactive strategies are designed to keep the individual and those around them safe. Examples that I use include: I don’t respond to the behaviour, if you ignore the behaviour sometimes it stops as the individual wants a reaction I give the individual reminders I distract the individual, by offering a different activity I give the individual what they want for example a drink or a biscuit Ask the Individual if they are in feeling ill or they are in pain. Remove myself from the situation for example leave the room, making sure I am still supporting the customer from a safe distance. Ask another member of staff if they will assist the customer as sometimes another person can be more productive. The importance of identifying patterns of behaviour or triggers that will result in challenging behaviour is that early warning signs can be spotted and acted upon before the behaviour happens or escalates. Factors that can lead to mood changes include: Body Temperature, is the customer too  hot, too cold. Over sensory stimulation Lack of choice, boredom, Limited communication or understanding Over stimulation through noise A general disruption to a customer’s routine Overcrowding? For example are there too many people in one activity for the customer to be able to cope with. Provocation by other people, for example if a customer is showing signs of disruption they need to be removed from the situation before it escalates. The importance of maintaining a person centred approach when establishing proactive strategies is that challenging behaviours are an individual thing, the causes and triggers differ according to each individual, as do their reactions and degree of severity. I therefore feel it is important when planning strategies for dealing with challenging behaviour that we ensure they are just as individual as the triggers. No two people will respond in the same way to established strategies. In my own experience, a one size fits all approach does not work and does not show the ability to adapt and respond. By responding to customers behaviours in different ways to each other not only shows that we can identify and recognise each individuals strengths and incorporate them into the strategies planned for that individual, it also tells the individual that you are supporting that they have value and worth and no matter how challenging their behaviour may be, there is always something positive to build on. Reinforcing positive behaviour with individuals can improve their behaviour. Positive reinforcement is a powerful and effective way to help shape and change behaviour. Positive reinforcement works by presenting a motivating item to the individual after the desired behaviour is shown, making the behaviour more likely to happen in the future. When I am supporting customers i praise them using speech and Makaton, for example when an individual has washed their hands, put their dirty dinner plates on the trolley, thrown something in the bin, put an item away they have been using in an activity. I use praise â€Å"Thank you†, â€Å"please†, â€Å"well done† which is effective when reinforcing positive behaviour. Using an incentive also works in reinforcing positive behaviour, for example a customer who i  support likes football and cricket. When the customer shows positive behaviour he will get a trip out to the cricket ground to watch a match and have his packed lu nch there, or to the football ground to have a cup of tea and a cake. Using reactive strategies can have an impact on an individual’s wellbeing. For example i support customers who display challenging behaviour’s. A previous manager asked one of my colleagues and me to assist a customer to go out for a walk. The customer is extremely afraid of dogs he will scream and run when he sees one. This is because he was bitten by a dog when he went on holiday to India. Whilst we were out walking, the customer saw a dog in the distance and began to scream and run towards a busy main road. Both my colleague and I ran after the customer shouting â€Å"stop†. When we managed to catch up with the customer we had to restrain the customer using S.C.I.P (strategies for crisis intervention and prevention) because the customer was in danger of running into the road and getting hurt or even killed. The customer was very upset; he was shaking, sweating, crying, and screaming. When we got back into the centre the customer was upset and angry for the rest of the day. He displayed the need for more sensory stimulation by rocking back and forth and flapping his hands. The customer became very vocal and began making loud noises, (which had an effect on other customers) he also began to barge into other people. This in itself is not being proactive as we did not explore other options first or even prepare the customer for going out for a walk. What I feel should have happened is photographs of dogs should have been used and pat dog should have been brought into the centre(as it is a safe environment) on numerous occasions to begin the process of helping the customer to overcome his phobia of dogs. This had an effect on the customer’s wellbeing because he would not get out of bed in the morning and would refuse to come into the centre. He would not eat his food and if he saw a dog through the window he would scream. In my opinion, we put the customer through unnecessary anxiety and stress. Be able to promote positive behaviour. There are a range of factors that may be associated with challenging behaviours these Include: Illness, Pain, Medication, The need for sensory stimulation or sensory overload Seeking interaction, Staff not working consistently, Staff not following customer guidelines, Communication difficulties, Past experiences that have happened to the individual, The environment being too hot or too cold, Boredom Lack of boundaries or goals, Mental and physical health, Bereavement! Phobia The goal of using proactive strategies on mitigating challenging behaviours is to reduce the future probability of the behaviour. It helps if proactive strategies are identified when supporting customers who display challenging behaviours. Risk Assessments means evaluating the consequences and likelihood of challenging behaviour, it identifies measures to help avoid, mitigate or control the risks. The risk assessment should take into account of personal, environmental or situational factors which increase the likelihood of challenging behaviours. To reduce risks associated with challenging behaviour we need to identify the emotional, physical and psychological needs of the customer. Dignity and respect is important and where possible a customer should have choices concerning their care. A strategy for reducing risks also requires communication between staff to form an understanding of an individual’s behaviour and what they need to do to prevent the behaviours. Other services, family/carers should also be involved in discussions and decision making. A crucial part of managing risk is to understand the reasons for the behaviour so that strategies can be put into place for example: What is causing the distress? What are we doing that is leading to the distress? What can we do differently? It is important to highlight praise when supporting customers so that we can reinforce positive behaviour. I feel it is important to offer praise to a  customer I am supporting, immediately after they have demonstrated a skill, this will hopefully learn to make an association between the skill and the reward which means the customer will start to use the skill more often. For example a customer who I support is very impatient and does not like to wait. The individual has to share a toilet with other customers. In the past when another customer is using the toilet, the individual has kicked the toilet door and started pulling on the handle; she would scream and try to attack the other customer when they have come out. In the individuals behaviour support plan it is highlighted how to support the customer if the situation arises. The protocol is, if another customer is using the toilet ask K to wait using speech, Makaton and picture signs explain what is happening and why. Keep reminding K and also use praise.† Well done K for waiting†. K will smile and wait patiently. This has and is working well and has created positive reinforcement as K will now stand away from the door and say â€Å"wait† without being reminded or prompted. It is still important to praise K and not become too complacent because of the risk that K can become challenging again in this situation and regress. It is essential that everyone working with challenging behaviour develop a general understanding of promoting positive behaviour. In my opinion a consistent and proactive approach should be followed rather than reacting negatively to situations. Strategies should be in place that allows us to work positively with individuals and focus on their achievements rather than highlighting their inappropriate behaviour. Staff communicating with each other and sharing ideas and information is vital. In our centre we have daily half hour team briefings where we can discuss the events of the day. The meetings are also used to discuss all customers we have been supporting whether they have had a good day or bad day. Have there been any incidents that have happened, any new information about a customer? Have Colleagues had a good day? We share information and ideas about working with individual customers and share what worked and what didn’t work when dealing with challenging behaviour. I key work a customer who displays challenging behaviour, he will shout, swear, bang his fists on the table, threaten to smash a window and threaten to hit a person. This is usually when he has dropped an item on the floor and been asked to pick it up, or he is not feeling very well, there is too much noise, something has happened at home or on the bus that morning. The  individual has got a behaviour support plan which I ask staff to read and sign which enables everyone to understand his guidelines on how to support him. I have monthly meetings so that we can share ideas, information, what’s working/ not working. Is there any new behaviour or any behaviour that have resurfaced? What can we do better? We discuss activities that the customer appears to like and dislike. It is important for colleagues to support each other when a customer is displaying challenging behaviour. Where possible I ask my colleague if they need any assistance or time out for me to take over, especially if they have been injured by the customer. Blaming the member of staff is not helpful or constructive for example I have witnessed colleagues in the past say â€Å"he doesn’t behave like that when he is supported by me, what they have done to make him like that?† We must all share our experiences, skills, knowledge, thoughts and ideas with each other . How can we promote positive behaviour with our customers if we do not promote it within our staff team? Be able to respond appropriately to incidents of challenging behaviour Challenging behaviour shows there is some need being unfulfilled or a problem with communication. Behaviour is challenging if it causes harm to the individual or others. There are different types of challenging behaviour these include: Spitting, self-harm, aggression (physical, verbal, mental, emotional) destruction (breaking furniture, tearing things up) Shouting, swearing, biting self and others, eating inedible objects, smearing faeces, soiling and urinating in odd places, stripping clothes off, eye poking, hand biting, pulling own hair and others, hitting others and self, Threatening or hitting others with objects, inappropriate sexualised behaviour, destruction of clothing. An appropriate response to challenging behaviour depends on the type of behaviour that is being exhibited by the individual. My opinion on the response to this behaviour should be consistent, fair, so not to cause any further disruption to a group session or the individual, thus calming the situation and the customer using this behaviour. A proactive response is likely to be more effective than one that is merely reactive. When responding to incidents of challenging behaviour it is important to ensure that an individual’s behaviour support plan is followed as no two people are the same. A behaviour support plan describes situations that an individual finds difficult and what others can do to help them cope with distress. They are a  very useful way of encouraging staff supporting the person to respond consistently. The plan should include Strategies to encourage staff to respond to the first signs of distress and resolve issues before they escalate. This helps to ensure that the least restrictive interventions are being used and the strategies being used are in proportion to the level of risk. The behaviour plan should include: Triggers –What can cause the individual distress? In Specific situations, places, activities, changes, sensory issues (noise, touch, smell?) Proactive strategies – How can staff support the person to cope with these triggers? Early warning signs- How do we know the person is becoming distressed? Are the First signs- body language, facial expression, language, behaviours, and tone of voice? What can help the individual calmer at this time? Medium intensity behaviours – What might the individual do at this stage? Are there Specific behaviours and who might be at risk? What should staff do at this time? Things we can do to prevent the situation from getting worse. What can staff do to ensure everyone is safe? High intensity behaviours – What might the individual do at this stage? Are there specific behaviours? How long they may last and who is at risk What should staff do at this time? What can staff do to ensure everyone is safe? Often the best course of action is to withdraw and leave the customer in a safe area to calm down on their own (But this may not be the case for some individuals) When responding to an incident of challenging behaviour it is important to ensure a customer’s dignity and respect are maintained. Try to speak in a calm and clear voice using language that the individual understands this could be in the form of signs and symbols, makaton, photographs. Speak calmly, quietly and as sertively Avoid threatening body postures such as standing in front or above the individual Avoid what may be classed as threatening gestures such as pointing or waving, arms folded across the body. Avoid threatening facial expressions. Avoid shouting or raising your voice. Avoid giving orders or continually repeating requests. Try to disperse any audience. Ask the individual if they would like to go into a quieter area if possible. Consider adopting a posture which reduces your size (sitting, crouching and moving away) Be aware of gender, cultural difference. Avoid belittling and talking to others negatively about the customer. Avoid forcing compliance. Actively listen to the customer and respect their wishes and feelings. Avoid unnecessary physical contact.  Following an incident of challenging behaviour by an individual it should be recorded in their personal file. A detailed written log must be written which should be dated, timed and signed by the member of staff. An incident report form and star chart must be completed. On the star chart we use the A.B.C approach (Antecedent, Behaviour, and Consequence.) Antecedent – What occurs before the behaviour and what may have triggered it. The antecedents are all the relevant things that happened before the behaviour occurred. They can also be considered as triggers for the behaviour such as, things that other people said, emotional state (depressed, tired, anxious.) The environment (is it too hot or noisy cramped, smell, bright lights?) Behaviour –What happens during the behaviour, what does it look like? Consequences – What are the immediate and delayed reactions from everyone involved? Consequences can be pleasant or unpleasant. A pleasant consequence will reinforce the behaviour. (When I yell, everyone gives me what I want)While a negative consequence will discourage behaviour (When I yell everyone ignores me completely) a consistent response from everyone to challenging behaviour can have a very strong effect. Parents/carers are also informed via a customer’s communication book at the end of each day or telephoned. Staff are involved in a team briefing, daily, to be kept informed of any concerns or incidents. In our centre we also have a traffic light system, using laminated cards, they inform people to be cautious or take action. Green- No concerns Amber-Be aware Red- There has been a Serious Incident. A manager is informed whenever the cards are on amber or red. Be able to support individuals and others following an incident of challenging behaviour. I had an incident of challenging behaviour from a male customer who I support on a one to one basis. B is prescribed P.R.N medication by his GP for when necessary, these being Paracetamol for pain and discomfort and Lorazepam for anxiety. B is known to become very agitated and anxious and will slap others very hard without warning. B has his breakfast at the centre each morning when he arrives, as I was preparing his breakfast B became very agitated and anxious slapping me very hard on my arm. After following B’s behaviour support plan and exploring all of the options listed, I asked B if he was in pain offering him Paracetamol if he needed it but he shook his head as a negative. Cooling him down by removing his sweater I offered sensory consisting of a weighted blanket and calm relaxing music. None of the above options worked so B was given Lorazepam as a last resort resulting in B’s behaviour improving over time. I also used the traffic light system, as stated earlier in this assignment. To Support an individual to return to a calm state: Use Reassurance and Praise. Provide whatever support that is needed; give individual some space if that is what they want. Behave in a non-judgemental way, even if you might not feel like that. Don’t discuss the behaviour with the individual at this point, unless they want to. Support the customer to continue to recover and calm down. I key work a male customer and support him to access his choice of activities. S enjoys going outside in the garden to feed the birds. As part of the activity S and myself make a flask of tea, sit in a poly tunnel looking at bird magazines before we venture out to feed them. I was asked to support another customer (M) at the same time, as we were short staffed and to involve him in the activity. I explained to S that M would be joining us. S was not happy with this and became very distressed, he started to swear, bang on the table using his fist and bite on his own arm. The staff that should have been supporting M had changed the routine for that day and decided to support two other customers in taking them out in a car. I tried  to calm the situation down by speaking calmly and quietly to S reassuring him that it was just for that day. S continued to display the same behaviours and would not join in the activity, beginning to cry and shout† I don’t want to do it with M I want you to do it† I continued to reassure S who by this time was threatening to hit me. Another member of staff came to my assistance, supported M whilst I continued to support S. S stopped the behaviour and became very quiet with his head down. When I felt S was calm enough for us to be able to talk about the situation together he began to cry saying he wanted the activity to be just Himself and I. I reassured S, in future, the activity would be himself and either I or another member of staff. I asked S if he still wanted to do the activity, he replied â€Å"NO† When S becomes agitated and upset he will refuse to take part in one of his activities and will realise later on in the day that he has missed out. After the incident S became very withdrawn, appeared sad, would not engage in conversation, sat with his head down and would cry throughout the day. After the incident not only did S show complex feelings both M and I also felt different emotions. M became withdrawn, would not engage in conversation or activities, eat his lunch or enter a room S was in, and a lso wanted to be on his own, appearing anxious and frightened. I asked M if he wanted to talk to me or another member of staff about his feelings but he declined. I had a release of adrenaline my heart was racing; body was shaking, I felt angry frustrated, fearful, tired upset and wanted to cry. I sought help and advice from my immediate manager and explained how the incident had made the two customers and me feel. My manager actively listened and took action by informing staff that a clear plan needs to be put into place when changing activities and when we are short staffed the activity sheet needs to be followed. I feel the situation could and should have been avoided, other customers’ activities were disrupted, their needs were not met they had unnecessary upset which resulted in an individual displaying challenging behaviour. After an incident of challenging the steps that should be taken to check for injuries are: Everyone involved in the incident should be checked thoroughly for injuries by a member of staff (preferably a first aider) who was not involved in the incident. In case of any injuries being noticed, immediate action sh ould be taken to seek the appropriate medical help. Injuries should be recorded and reported using the  centres procedures. An incident report form, body map and dangerous occurrence form should be completed. Parents/ carers should be informed. Be able to review and revise approaches to promoting positive behaviour. Working with others is important if individuals that we support are to receive good, consistent support. Family carers and close friends are important when we are thinking about partnership working. It shows respect and also values other people’s contributions, different people possess different skills which help good support, it can help with problem solving and creative thinking, and partners have different information about a person they can share with others. Working with others to review and examine information which relates to positive behaviour support should include gathering information about incidents from a variety of sources. Information can be gathered from, A.B.C charts (As mentioned earlier in this assignment, promote positive behaviour) in notes from meetings, and debrie fs incident report forms and logs. It is important to promote proactive positive behaviour support and analyse the risk assessment process; whenever there is a review the risk assessment should be revisited and adjusted where necessary. There must be continuous monitoring and review of the individual’s behaviour as sometimes physical interventions or restrictive practices are used in an emergency. To be able to work with others to review the approaches to promoting positive behaviour it is important for managers to check and update policies and organisation practice against current good practice guidelines. Reflection begins when I pause to think back after something unexpected or out of the ordinary has happened. I replay the happenings, incident or event in my head and think about it more. My thoughts begin to change from a sequence of events into a series of questioning thoughts such as; why did it happen that way? And how could I have behaved or done things differently? If I do something that way, what is likely to happen? Reflection helps me to share my ideas with others who are experiencing similar incidents of challenging behaviour which can help improve the promotion of positive behaviour. It also helps you avoid making the same mistake again, for example, as mentioned earlier in this assignment whilst I was supporting B and preparing his breakfast, he hit me. On reflection I questioned why I had taken him in the kitchen with me and should have asked for assistance from another member of staff to prepare his  breakfast. My manager has updated B’s support plan and informed staff that when B has his breakfast prepared the member of staff supporting him must ask colleagues for assistance keeping B out of the kitchen. In my opinion Individuals with the label of challenging behaviour are one of the most vulnerable groups in society. They are often labelled as complex and are at high risk of abuse, neglect and exclusion. Despite some progress in policies and practice that advocate personalisation, the evidence for successful approaches in challenging behaviour is weak. Challenging behaviour is still too often viewed as located within the individual rather than the wider social and physical environment. The appalling events that led to the closure of Winterbourne View hospital in Bristol in 2011 were the latest in a very long line of similar cases that have occurred over many decades. The aim of the winterbourne review was to look into what happened so that lessons can be learned and look into how people with challenging behaviour are supported all over the united kingdom.